The title and abstract

A research paper's title and abstract are read and indexed apart from its text, and they are its most widely read parts. A reader chooses here by which of them is being written: the title and keywords a searcher finds the paper by, the abstract and what it carries to stand alone, or fitting the abstract inside its word limit. It leaves how the published article reaches readers through databases and search to the topic on making an article findable, the abstract submitted to a congress to congress abstracts, visual abstracts to visual abstracts and infographics, and concision as a general editing habit to language and style.

• Write a title and keywords that a reader will find — what the title carries, when it is written, declarative against descriptive titles, its syntactic patterns, colons, acronyms and citation rates, a title search engines find, and the keywords a searcher arrives by
• Write an abstract that stands alone — how widely it is read, what it contains, structured abstracts and the journal's format, drafting it from the paper, and the gaps and errors that checking it against the paper catches
• Shorten an abstract to its word limit — the word limit, a budget for the content, the repetition and wordy phrasing that can go, shorter words, and the linguistic devices that save words