Obesity and diabetes

This branch covers obesity and diabetes, and its parts divide by what a writer needs to know about the two diseases: what obesity and type 2 diabetes are and how one leads to the other, what type 1 diabetes is and how its onset is delayed, how far the diseases can be prevented, how established obesity is treated, and which drugs lower blood glucose. It leaves to its neighbours what nutrition science counts as a nutrient, to nutrition and exercise; the claim that everyday exposures cause most chronic disease, to lifestyle medicine; the fatty liver disease that accompanies obesity and type 2 diabetes, to metabolic liver disease; the hormonal control the diabetes material assumes, to the endocrine and reproductive systems; and how a study of diet or lifestyle is appraised, to evidence about diet and lifestyle exposures.

• Obesity and type 2 diabetes — defining and measuring obesity, what diabetes and type 2 diabetes are, how obesity leads to type 2 diabetes, their prevalence in adults and in children, the causes and genetics of obesity, and the consequences and costs of the two diseases and the psychological aspects of diabetes
• Type 1 diabetes and delaying its onset — the autoimmune disease and its three stages, and delaying stage 3 with teplizumab
• Preventing obesity and diabetes: social remedies and lifestyle trials — how far diet and exercise prevent the two diseases, personal responsibility against the surroundings, social marketing campaigns in schools and for adults, policy changes and access to places for lifestyle change, the role of medical communicators, and the lifestyle intervention trials
• Treating obesity: lifestyle measures, drugs and bariatric surgery — lifestyle measures, popular diets and sustaining weight loss, who is a candidate for drugs or surgery, how anti-obesity drugs act and why they were withdrawn, their side effects and the approved drugs' limits, and bariatric surgery's procedures, its weight loss, its effects on co-morbidities and diabetes, who is considered for it, its complications and mortality, and its long-term evidence
• Glucose-lowering drugs for diabetes — insulin, the conventional treatments and their side effects, the incretin hormones and GLP-1, the GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors and the place of incretin-based therapies, the SGLT2 inhibitors, and sotagliflozin in type 1 diabetes