Translating a specialised kind of text

This branch covers translation practices that depend on the kind of medical text being adapted, from measurement instruments to patient information and product materials. It leaves general translation project management and language issues common to different kinds of text to neighbouring branches.

• Translating a patient-reported outcome measure — conceptual equivalence, cultural adaptation, linguistic-validation models, translatability and human oversight
• Adapting a psychological test to another language and culture — suitability, cultural content, administration, psychometric evidence, fairness and translator error control
• Translating patient materials into plain Russian — Russian plain-language requirements, readability assessment and ten editing examples
• Localising promotional materials for pharmaceutical companies — market requirements, campaign workflow, client revisions and preparation for localisation
• Translating for medical devices — clinical, technical and software documents, market requirements, specialist linguists, supplier audits and user-facing language
• Veterinary translation — specialist knowledge, readership, market context, terminology and official wording in regulated documents